MasoreticaBiblical Manuscript Explorer

Manuscript page collections

Reused material

Physical pages and fragments reused in the making of a later manuscript. Dates shown here belong to the reused material itself when that can be established, not to its host manuscript.

30 pages

Curated text collection

Deuterocanonical and related texts

Some biblical manuscripts—including witnesses in the Masoretic tradition—preserve works outside the Jewish canon beside Scripture or its Aramaic Targum. This guide explains the texts, manuscripts, and scholarship, and updates automatically as occurrences are added.

3 texts · 9 occurrences · 6 manuscripts

Folio 1a, Gaster Hebrew MS 2031 (Leviticus Fragment)

Gaster Hebrew MS 2031 (Leviticus Fragment)Folio 1aFolio 1a of a composite group probably recovered from a binding; this side carries inscriptions rather than indexed biblical text.Material date: 14th–15th century; the two source codices are not dated separately.No indexed biblical text

Folio 1b, Gaster Hebrew MS 2031 (Leviticus Fragment)

Gaster Hebrew MS 2031 (Leviticus Fragment)Folio 1bFolio 1b of a composite group probably recovered from a binding, preserving Leviticus 1:1–4 with translations and commentary.Material date: 14th–15th century; the two source codices are not dated separately.Contains indexed biblical text

Folio 2a, Gaster Hebrew MS 2031 (Leviticus Fragment)

Gaster Hebrew MS 2031 (Leviticus Fragment)Folio 2aFolio 2a belongs to the four Talmudic leaves whose glue and use stains record their reuse in a binding.Material date: 14th–15th century; the two source codices are not dated separately.No indexed biblical text

Folio 2b, Gaster Hebrew MS 2031 (Leviticus Fragment)

Gaster Hebrew MS 2031 (Leviticus Fragment)Folio 2bFolio 2b belongs to the four Talmudic leaves whose glue and use stains record their reuse in a binding.Material date: 14th–15th century; the two source codices are not dated separately.No indexed biblical text

Folio 3a, Gaster Hebrew MS 2031 (Leviticus Fragment)

Gaster Hebrew MS 2031 (Leviticus Fragment)Folio 3aFolio 3a belongs to the four Talmudic leaves whose glue and use stains record their reuse in a binding.Material date: 14th–15th century; the two source codices are not dated separately.No indexed biblical text

Folio 3b, Gaster Hebrew MS 2031 (Leviticus Fragment)

Gaster Hebrew MS 2031 (Leviticus Fragment)Folio 3bFolio 3b belongs to the four Talmudic leaves whose glue and use stains record their reuse in a binding.Material date: 14th–15th century; the two source codices are not dated separately.No indexed biblical text

Folio 4a, Gaster Hebrew MS 2031 (Leviticus Fragment)

Gaster Hebrew MS 2031 (Leviticus Fragment)Folio 4aFolio 4a belongs to the four Talmudic leaves whose glue and use stains record their reuse in a binding.Material date: 14th–15th century; the two source codices are not dated separately.No indexed biblical text

Folio 4b, Gaster Hebrew MS 2031 (Leviticus Fragment)

Gaster Hebrew MS 2031 (Leviticus Fragment)Folio 4bFolio 4b belongs to the four Talmudic leaves whose glue and use stains record their reuse in a binding.Material date: 14th–15th century; the two source codices are not dated separately.No indexed biblical text

Folio 5a, Gaster Hebrew MS 2031 (Leviticus Fragment)

Gaster Hebrew MS 2031 (Leviticus Fragment)Folio 5aFolio 5a belongs to the four Talmudic leaves whose glue and use stains record their reuse in a binding.Material date: 14th–15th century; the two source codices are not dated separately.No indexed biblical text

Folio 5b, Gaster Hebrew MS 2031 (Leviticus Fragment)

Gaster Hebrew MS 2031 (Leviticus Fragment)Folio 5bFolio 5b belongs to the four Talmudic leaves whose glue and use stains record their reuse in a binding.Material date: 14th–15th century; the two source codices are not dated separately.No indexed biblical text

Folio 1 recto — 2 Kings 5:11–13, Penn CAJS Halper 22 (reused 2 Kings Genizah leaf)

Penn CAJS Halper 22 (reused 2 Kings Genizah leaf)Folio 1 recto — 2 Kings 5:11–13Folio 1 recto: the folded sheet preserves overlapping stages of reuse—an earlier lengthwise Arabic letter and later burial-service writing—alongside the biblical passage. Complete-surface HTR retains these traces without treating them as another biblical version.Contains indexed biblical text

Folio 1 verso — 2 Kings 5:8–10, Penn CAJS Halper 22 (reused 2 Kings Genizah leaf)

Penn CAJS Halper 22 (reused 2 Kings Genizah leaf)Folio 1 verso — 2 Kings 5:8–10Folio 1 verso: the reverse completes the reused sheet's physical record while preserving the opening half of 2 Kings 5:8–13; earlier or later marks remain visible around the biblical writing.Contains indexed biblical text

Folio 1 verso — no indexed biblical text (later exercises), Penn CAJS RAR MS 85.126.13a (Hebrew and Saadia Tafsir on Leviticus)

Penn CAJS RAR MS 85.126.13a (Hebrew and Saadia Tafsir on Leviticus)Folio 1 verso — no indexed biblical text (later exercises)Folio 1 verso: after the bilingual biblical recto was no longer in its original use, two writing exercises were added to the reverse, one in Arabic script. The surface remains in physical navigation with no fabricated biblical assignment.No indexed biblical text

Inserted folio 28* verso · reused guard material · no indexed biblical text, British Library Or. 2696 (Ashkenazi Pentateuch, Five Scrolls, and haftarot)

British Library Or. 2696 (Ashkenazi Pentateuch, Five Scrolls, and haftarot)Inserted folio 28* verso · reused guard material · no indexed biblical textInserted folio 28* verso: reused parchment guard material interrupts the numbered folio sequence after fol. 28v; it remains in physical navigation but has no securely indexed biblical text.No indexed biblical text

Inserted folio 29* recto · reused guard material · no indexed biblical text, British Library Or. 2696 (Ashkenazi Pentateuch, Five Scrolls, and haftarot)

British Library Or. 2696 (Ashkenazi Pentateuch, Five Scrolls, and haftarot)Inserted folio 29* recto · reused guard material · no indexed biblical textInserted folio 29* recto: a second reused guard follows fol. 29v in the actual binding; its earlier writing is not treated as part of the host codex's biblical sequence.No indexed biblical text

Folio 422 verso · erased earlier writing · no indexed biblical text, British Library Or. 2696 (Ashkenazi Pentateuch, Five Scrolls, and haftarot)

British Library Or. 2696 (Ashkenazi Pentateuch, Five Scrolls, and haftarot)Folio 422 verso · erased earlier writing · no indexed biblical textFolio 422v: erased earlier writing remains visible on the surface immediately after the end of Deuteronomy; the palimpsest-like traces are retained without assigning an unsupported biblical passage.No indexed biblical text

fol. 397r, Bodleian MS. Arch. Selden A. 47

Bodleian MS. Arch. Selden A. 47fol. 397rFolio 397r: the first detached parchment leaf begins at Jeremiah 31:33 and remains physically after the ownership material and blank leaves; its biblical text is indexed as a repeated occurrence.Material date: The detached leaf is not dated separately from the 1303–1304 codex.Contains indexed biblical text

fol. 397v, Bodleian MS. Arch. Selden A. 47

Bodleian MS. Arch. Selden A. 47fol. 397vFolio 397v: the reverse of the first detached leaf continues through Jeremiah 32:14, completing this reused two-surface fragment.Material date: The detached leaf is not dated separately from the 1303–1304 codex.Contains indexed biblical text

fol. 398r, Bodleian MS. Arch. Selden A. 47

Bodleian MS. Arch. Selden A. 47fol. 398rFolio 398r: the second detached parchment leaf begins at Jeremiah 36:22 and continues into chapter 37; it is indexed separately from the codex's earlier Jeremiah copy.Material date: The detached leaf is not dated separately from the 1303–1304 codex.Contains indexed biblical text

fol. 398v, Bodleian MS. Arch. Selden A. 47

Bodleian MS. Arch. Selden A. 47fol. 398vFolio 398v: the reverse of the second detached leaf preserves Jeremiah 37:4–20 and closes the reused biblical material before the final controls.Material date: The detached leaf is not dated separately from the 1303–1304 codex.Contains indexed biblical text

Added leaf 213* verso · pasted vellum ownership label; no indexed biblical text, British Library Add MS 4708 (12th–13th-century Latter Prophets)

British Library Add MS 4708 (12th–13th-century Latter Prophets)Added leaf 213* verso · pasted vellum ownership label; no indexed biblical textThe added leaf after fol. 213 carries a pasted parchment ownership label identifying the volume as the Latter Prophets and attributing its hand to Rabbenu Tam; the label is later evidence of ownership or esteem, not a colophon by the biblical scribe.Material date: The pasted label is later than the biblical codex but is not independently dated.No indexed biblical text

Front paste-down (printed Pentateuch fragment), Gaster Hebrew MS 2034 (Haftarot and Targum)

Gaster Hebrew MS 2034 (Haftarot and Targum)Front paste-down (printed Pentateuch fragment)Front paste-down made from an upside-down printed Pentateuch leaf, preserving Genesis 47:28–48:11 with Targum and Rashi.Material date: Printing date not established independently; the 18th–19th-century date applies to the host haftarah manuscript.Contains indexed biblical text

Back paste-down (printed Pentateuch fragment), Gaster Hebrew MS 2034 (Haftarot and Targum)

Gaster Hebrew MS 2034 (Haftarot and Targum)Back paste-down (printed Pentateuch fragment)Back paste-down made from a second printed Pentateuch leaf, preserving Genesis 44:27–45:8 with Targum and Rashi.Material date: Printing date not established independently; the 18th–19th-century date applies to the host haftarah manuscript.Contains indexed biblical text

Loose fragment a, Gaster Hebrew MS 673 (Latter Prophets)

Gaster Hebrew MS 673 (Latter Prophets)Loose fragment aLoose fragment a, possibly binding waste or material from another source, preserving Song of Songs 5:6–9.Material date: The fragment has not been dated separately from the host manuscript.Contains indexed biblical text

Bodleian Library MS. Huntington 3671rFolio 1r is a pasted or reused non-biblical sheet carrying ownership and contents notes.Material date: Not dated independently. The manuscript itself dates to c. 1210–1230. If this sheet is recycled material, it is older.No indexed biblical text

Folio 424 verso · heavily abraded reused Latin pastedown · no indexed biblical text, Harley Catalan Bible (British Library Harley MS 1528, 1325–1374)

Harley Catalan Bible (British Library Harley MS 1528, 1325–1374)Folio 424 verso · heavily abraded reused Latin pastedown · no indexed biblical textFolio 424v: a heavily abraded Latin manuscript leaf was reused as the rear pastedown. It belongs to the binding history rather than the Hebrew biblical sequence and remains available without a fabricated verse assignment.No indexed biblical text

Bodleian MS. Canon. Or. 1361rFolio 1r is an older biblical fragment reused sideways as a binding leaf.Material date: Earlier than the 1276–1300 host manuscript; exact date not established.Contains indexed biblical text

Bodleian MS. Canon. Or. 1361vFolio 1v is the other side of an older biblical fragment reused sideways as a binding leaf.Material date: Earlier than the 1276–1300 host manuscript; exact date not established.Contains indexed biblical text

Bodleian MS. Canon. Or. 136354rFolio 354r is an older biblical fragment reused sideways as a binding leaf.Material date: Earlier than the 1276–1300 host manuscript; exact date not established.Contains indexed biblical text

Bodleian MS. Canon. Or. 136354vFolio 354v is the other side of an older biblical fragment reused sideways as a binding leaf.Material date: Earlier than the 1276–1300 host manuscript; exact date not established.Contains indexed biblical text

About Masoretica

Sources & method.

Manuscript images and metadata come from the holding institutions and digitisation projects listed below. Text and versification data come from UXLC, MAM, BIMA / Corpus Masoreticum, the Codex Sinaiticus Project, the DT-UCPH Samaritan Pentateuch, lxx-morph, and STEPBible. The viewer identifies the source used for each manuscript.

Page mapping and text recognition combine repository indexes, OCR, and transcriptions with kraken, Party, BiblIA, and other specialised HTR models. OpenAI Codex is used in developing the site and in running and reviewing this workflow.

Full source, credit, and licence links appear below.

Sources and licences

UXLC Leningrad index Leningrad scan Leningrad photography credit Aleppo page index Aleppo facsimile Codex Sassoon 1053 page index Sassoon scan Sassoon catalogue Rylands Samaritan scan Rylands Samaritan MS 2 scan Rylands Samaritan MS 4 scan Gaster Samaritan MS 1133 scan Gaster Trilingual Samaritan MS 814 scan Gaster Samaritan MS Add 1 scan Gaster Samaritan MS 1858 scan Bodley Or. 699 Samaritan scan Bodley Or. 23 Isaiah scan Kennicott 1 scan Kennicott 2 scan Kennicott 3 scan Kennicott 4 scan Kennicott 5 scan Kennicott 6 scan Kennicott 7 scan Kennicott 8 scan kraken OCR and HTR toolkit Party multilingual HTR model used for Alexandrinus BiblIA medieval Hebrew model Samaritan kraken model Greek minuscule kraken model Sinaiticus line-segmentation model Miqra according to the Masorah text BIMA / Corpus Masoreticum manuscript transcriptions · CC BY-SA 4.0 Samaritan Pentateuch reference text Alexandrinus facsimile Rahlfs 82 catalogue Rahlfs 82 digitization Vaticanus facsimile Sinaiticus edition Sinaiticus electronic transcription Septuagint reference text Greek–Hebrew verse-number crosswalk Keter Aram Tsova typeface

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