MasoreticaBiblical Manuscript Explorer
What’s new

Version history

v487–v491Current
  • Bug fixRepaired Gaster Hebrew MS 710 so every Esther verse highlights in true scroll order, including the overlapping photographs and Haman's sons layout.
  • Bug fixRebuilt Gaster Hebrew MS 711 highlighting from reviewed full-resolution text columns and withheld polygons wherever the writing is erased or unreadable.
  • Bug fixKept Gaster Hebrew MS 711’s erased middle sections navigable while explicitly preventing false verse highlights there.
  • Bug fixRepaired Gaster Hebrew MS Add 1 so every Hebrew and Targum occurrence is visible and highlights stay within their reviewed text blocks.
  • Bug fixRebuilt Rylands Genizah 32 highlighting from complete-image strip review, preserving the lost recto passage and making all 30 surviving Psalm locations visible.
  • Bug fixRepaired Manchester Rylands Genizah 2 so all twelve Jeremiah locations now highlight one coherent two-column reading sequence.
  • Bug fixClarified that Rylands Genizah 2's twelve verse highlights are bounded review estimates rather than direct OCR matches.
v477–v486
  • Bug fixPreserved every manuscript route, description, filter, and visibility setting while making catalogue records independently pluggable. Hardened manuscript browsing, search, and comparison against future platform changes. Rebuilt BL Or. 1467 in its word-derived two-column layout, restoring every Hebrew highlight and improving the independent Hebrew and Onkelos geometry across all 257 photographs. Rebuilt Bodley Or. 803’s Hebrew and Onkelos highlights so every mapped Hebrew verse is visible while its exceptional page layouts remain intact. Rebuilt Gaster Hebrew MS Add 17 highlights from all eight text photographs, including the reviewed physical order of the Haman's-sons display. Rebuilt Gaster Hebrew MS Add 18 highlights from all seven text photographs and corrected the physical order of the Haman's-sons display. Rebuilt Gaster Hebrew MS Add 21 highlights from all eight photographs, corrected the Haman's-sons display, and preserved its burned ending without speculative boxes. Restored every Hebrew highlight in Gaster Hebrew MS 2033 while preserving its independent Torah layers, alternating Hebrew-Jonathan haftarot, and displaced Deuteronomy leaves. Restored every Hebrew highlight in Gaster Hebrew MS 322 while preserving its independent Hebrew, Onkelos, and Saadia geometry and the documented missing-folio gap. Restored every Hebrew highlight in Gaster Hebrew MS 323 while preserving its independent Hebrew, Onkelos, and Saadia geometry and reviewed Song of Moses layout. Remapped all 194 surfaces of Gaster Hebrew MS 731 from retained text evidence, restoring every Hebrew highlight while preserving separate low-confidence flags and independent Targum geometry. Recorded the severely burned final Gaster Add 21 photograph as a reviewed unindexable biblical surface, preserving physical navigation without inventing a highlight. Rebuilt Hebrew MS 10 highlights from all eight photographs and corrected the physical order of the Haman's-sons display. Rebuilt Hebrew MS 2 highlights from all seven photographs and removed out-of-order boundary fragments around its Haman's-sons display. Rebuilt Hebrew MS 41 highlights from all ten photographs and corrected the reading order around its Haman's-sons display. Rebuilt Hebrew MS 61 highlights, corrected its final photographed spans, and removed a zero-width OCR artifact. Rebuilt Manchester Hebrew MS 3 highlights across both scribal hands, with reviewed Haman-display and closing-column geometry and honest page-specific confidence. Recorded Hebrew MS 3’s darker second-hand photograph as a reviewed unindexable biblical surface, preserving physical navigation without presenting unsupported highlights. Rebuilt Manchester Hebrew MS 40 highlights from all seven text photographs and corrected the Haman's-sons display geometry. Rebuilt Marshall Or. 51 across all 483 digitized surfaces with independent Hebrew and Onkelos highlights, exact marginal biblical occurrences, corrected Deuteronomy routing, and complete physical navigation. Rebuilt Rylands Genizah 1 highlights in the manuscript's poetic row order, with word-level evidence and no invented geometry for unreadable opening verses. Kept Marshall Or. 51’s two illustrated Temple-plan surfaces in physical navigation without treating them as biblical text. Restored the selectable Targum Onkelos layer for Marshall Or. 51 in manuscript and comparison views. Rebuilt all 689 BL Add MS 9400 surfaces so every accepted text word is accounted for once, multilingual blocks retain their physical order, and implausible verse packing is rejected. Rebuilt Bodley Or. 803 in physical Hebrew–Onkelos reading order, preventing repeated words from scattering one verse across distant columns. Prevented split or repeated OCR lines from scattering one verse across unrelated parts of a page. Rebuilt Manchester Hebrew MS 43 highlighting so every Esther verse is selectable and the Haman's-sons display follows the manuscript's physical order. Rebuilt Manchester Hebrew MS 20 highlighting for every Esther verse and corrected both photographed split-verse joins, including the Haman's-sons display. Rebuilt Manchester Hebrew MS 22 highlighting for every Esther occurrence and mapped the Haman's-sons display in its actual two-part reading order. Rebuilt Manchester Hebrew MS 44 highlighting for every surviving Esther occurrence, separated the repeated words in the Haman's-sons display, and restored the true split of Esther 9:10 across adjoining views. Rebuilt Bodley Or. 699 highlighting as complete page-by-page text streams, eliminating scattered repeated-word matches and withholding 49 unsupported edge routes. Restored precise highlighting for Genesis 50:25–26 in Rylands Samaritan MS 4 and removed unsupported verse locations from its damaged opening. Rebuilt Manchester Samaritan MS 6 highlighting from exact catalogue page boundaries and complete text-block ownership, eliminating scattered matches across all 62 biblical pages. Kept Bodley Or. 699 fol. 33v in physical navigation without assigning it an unsupported biblical highlight. Rebuilt Rylands Genizah A 59’s verso highlights in true reading order and replaced scattered recto matches with two explicitly estimated page-edge locations.
  • UI improvementMade the latest release notes concise and readable.
  • New featureEstablished a rights-aware, reviewable interchange foundation for future Textia witness packages. Added selectable Targum Onkelos with independent word-level highlights throughout the Torah in British Library Add MS 9400.
  • ManuscriptsRebuilt the highlights for Manchester Hebrew MSS 4 and 54 from complete images, including the full-scroll composite and split Esther 9:10.
v467–v476
  • Bug fixVerified and preserved verse lookup, repeated and layered readings, image regions, and complete physical navigation across the manuscript catalogue; corrected isolated navigation and manuscript-identity errors found during review.
  • New featureAdded a bilingual Browse manuscripts catalogue with combined search and scholarly filters for tradition, date, provenance, Masorah, and Babylonian vocalization and cantillation.
v460–v466
  • ManuscriptsRebuilt the complete word-level HTR for Bodley Or. 803 and BL Or. 1473, with independent Hebrew and Targum geometry across every digitized surface. Repaired the complete HTR for Gaster Hebrew MS 322 and 323, with independent word-level Hebrew, Targum Onkelos, and Saadia Tafsir layers in manuscript and synoptic views. Rebuilt the complete HTR for Kennicott 3 and BL Or. 2363 across all 872 photographs, with separately audited Hebrew and Targum Onkelos word geometry.
  • New featureAdded selectable Targum Onkelos for Bodley Or. 803 and Targum Jonathan for BL Or. 1473 in manuscript and synoptic views. Centralized manuscript identifiers in an audited catalog so future text-family adapters can register witnesses consistently. Made Targum Onkelos selectable for both witnesses in individual-manuscript and synoptic views without duplicating manuscript cards or surface data. Made manuscript page routing safer to extend across text families without changing current locations.
  • Bug fixCompacted the new Gaster Hebrew MS 322 and 323 layer indexes to prevent Worker startup failures while preserving their independent Hebrew, Onkelos, and Saadia mappings. Improved the reliability of BL Or. 1473 Hebrew and Targum page navigation while preserving its current locations and complete physical sequence. Hardened BL Or. 1473's complete 357-page physical sequence while preserving every Hebrew and Targum location. Repaired the complete word-level HTR for Gaster Hebrew MSS 2033 and 2034, with separately selectable Hebrew, Targum Onkelos or Jonathan, and Saadia Judeo-Arabic layers wherever each version survives. Rebuilt all 428 surfaces of Bodleian MS. Pococke 285 with complete word-level HTR and separately selectable Hebrew and Saadia Judeo-Arabic geometry in manuscript and synoptic views. Moved BL Or. 2373 page and physical-order routing behind the safer manuscript registry with identical results. Moved BL Or. 4445 page and physical-order routing into the audited manuscript registry with unchanged locations and highlights. Moved BL Or. 9879 page and physical-order routing into the audited manuscript registry with identical results. Moved BL Or. 9880 page and physical-order routing into the audited manuscript registry with identical results. Moved Halper 19 routing into the audited manuscript registry while preserving its exact page results and lazy loading. Moved Halper 2 routing into the audited manuscript registry with unchanged verse and physical-page results. Moved Halper 4 routing into the audited manuscript registry with unchanged verse and physical-page results. Moved Halper 5 and its alternate verse occurrences into the audited manuscript registry with identical results. Moved Halper 6 and its split-verse occurrence routing into the audited manuscript registry with identical results.
v452–v459
  • ManuscriptsAdded four reviewed Austrian National Library fragments—P.Vindob. H 11, H 14, H 133, and H 143—with complete HTR and indexing.
  • UI improvementShortened Hebrew source labels and gave Judeo-Arabic text matching Semitic typography. Simplified the version-history heading by removing its redundant summary sentence.
  • Bug fixStrengthened release checks for duplicate views in the Austrian National Library manuscripts. Corrected the P.Vindob. H 14 Job page ranges and improved its word-level highlights, including verses that share a line. Hardened Berlin 680 verse and page routing with fixed regression fingerprints while preserving every current result. Rebuilt all 114 surfaces of Gaster Hebrew MS Add. 1 and added separate selectable Hebrew and Targum-to-the-Writings word geometry in manuscript and synoptic views. Rebuilt the complete HTR for Gaster Hebrew MS 731 and British Library Or. 1467, separating their Hebrew and Targum text into independently selectable word-level geometry in manuscript and synoptic views.
  • New featureMade version history release-driven: every publishable update now contributes a bilingual note, same-day releases accumulate, and the next active day consolidates the prior day automatically. Prepared manuscript navigation for additional text families while preserving the Berlin manuscript’s existing page results.
v440–v451
  • ManuscriptsAdded Penn CAJS RAR MS 82.258.115, British Library Or. 2365 and Or. 2696, and five short Genizah fragments with multilingual HTR.
  • New featureAdded verse-specific manuscript sharing cards, expanded the About page, streamlined manuscript validation, and advanced the evidence-first Codex Sassoon HTR pilot.
  • UI improvementImproved mobile reference controls, comparison ordering and progressive loading, the default Genesis view, and new-manuscript badges.
  • Bug fixRepaired multilingual HTR for Halper 12a, Gaster 2031, and Reggio 60; prevented whole-corpus rendering exhaustion; and stabilized comparison loading, reference selection, and transient reference-text retries.
v437–v439
  • New featureAdded passage-level Targum tradition choices and a manuscript-based Deuterocanon guide; comparisons now retain every selected tradition.
  • UI improvementImproved responsive tradition controls, Hebrew citations and reference lookup, comparison headings, and the Aleppo Hebrew and Aramaic font.
  • Bug fixRepaired HTR verse geometry, Rösel Targum highlights, Greek rendering, and synoptic tradition navigation.
v434–v436
  • ManuscriptsAdded the Rösel Bible and Library of Congress Targums, including deuterocanonical indexing.
  • Bug fixFixed supplemental-work release regressions, synoptic full-page navigation, HTR sequence logic, and large-witness permalink reliability.
v432–v433
  • Bug fixAudited and repaired Kraken HTR across the corpus, including geometry boundaries and Gaster 731 coverage safeguards.
  • UI improvementMade Special pages count badges responsive on smaller screens.
v426–v431
  • ManuscriptsAdded British Library Harley 1861 and 1528, Add MS 15250 and 15252, Bodleian Canonici Or. 87, and Cambridge Add. 1753.
  • UI improvementGrouped mapped scope into readable ranges, separated citations, and rewrote attribution and workflow credits.
  • Bug fixRepaired Cambridge verse occurrences and strengthened sequence-aware HTR mapping.
v423–v425
  • ManuscriptsAdded BL Add MS 9405–9406, 10455 and 15282, Arch. Selden A. sup. 106, Huntington 234, Harley 5709 and 5715, Oppenheim 14, and Utopia cod. 6.
  • UI improvementMoved mobile transcriptions below scans and fixed the mobile Masorah layout.
v411–v422
  • ManuscriptsAdded Arch. Selden A. 47 and Bodleian Canonici Or. 138, Canon. Or. 91, and Canonici Or. 84.
  • New featureAdded the bilingual About page and the visible release number in the masthead.
  • UI improvementSimplified the About page, improved the sharing card, and adopted MAM in synoptic comparisons.
v410
  • ManuscriptsAdded Bodleian MS Oppenheim 13.
v397–v409
  • ManuscriptsAdded Harley 5506, 5706, 5683, 5710 and 5711; Bodmer 21; BL Add MS 21160; the Cervera Bible; the First Ibn Merwas Bible; and a c. 1300 Spanish Hebrew Bible.
  • UI improvementReplaced synoptic source links with a clearer full-page action.
v378–v396
  • ManuscriptsAdded 16 witnesses from the British Library, CAJS and BLB, including Cod. Reuchlin 10, Add MS 9401–9402, 14760, 4708, 9403, 15451, 26879, 9398, 9399 and 9400, plus Halper 10, 12a, 17 and 30 and a Lamentations Genizah leaf.
v351–v377
  • ManuscriptsAdded 17 CAJS Halper witnesses, BL Add MS 21161, Arundel Or. 2, Genève BGE Ms. heb. 3, Rendel Harris 1, NLI Ms. Heb. 4°7463, and Complutense BH MSS 1.
  • New featureAdded BIMA citations directly to manuscript pages.
  • UI improvementFixed the mobile Explore text layout.
v334–v350
  • ManuscriptsAdded British Library Or. 2542, 1473, 9880, 2543, 1467 and 2363; BLB Cod. Reuchlin 3; and CAJS Halper 5, 8, 9, 14, 15 and 18.
  • UI improvementMade drawer passages flash visibly and adopted MAM for non-Greek witnesses.
  • Bug fixFixed fading highlights and the combined manuscript count.
v311–v333
  • ManuscriptsAdded Rylands Greek P 458, British Library Or. 4445, 2540, 2091 and 9879, CAJS Halper 19, 2 and 4, the Damascus Pentateuch, and Erfurt Bible 3.
  • New featureAdded collapsed manuscript-search facets, reverse exploration from scan highlights, and BIMA zoom for Or. 2091.
  • UI improvementKept BIMA tabs on one row and Explore text scrolling inside its sidebar.
v281–v310
  • ManuscriptsAdded Canonici Or. 137, Reggio 60, Pococke 285, Marshall Or. 1, Canon. Or. 136 and 55, Rylands Genizah 1, 2, 32 and A 59, and Munich Cod. hebr. 2.
  • New featureIntroduced Special pages, manuscript-feature exploration, page and repository citations, citation copy formats, a Genizah filter, and the persistent manuscript intake queue.
  • Bug fixFixed Special pages history, navigation and thumbnails and BIMA Masorah highlights.
v277–v280
  • ManuscriptsAdded full Kraken editions of Laud Or. 324 and Bodley Or. 3.
  • UI improvementRefined citation guidance.
v259–v276
  • ManuscriptsAdded 18 Manchester Hebrew and Gaster witnesses, including five Esther scrolls and fully indexed Hebrew MS 4 and MS 11.
  • New featureAdded bilingual citation guidance.
v245–v258
  • ManuscriptsAdded Manchester Hebrew MS 36, Samaritan MS 6 and Gaster Samaritan MS 1858; Bodleian Canonici Or. 37–40; and Gaster Hebrew Add 13, Add 1, 710 and 711.
  • New featureIntroduced time-limited NEW manuscript badges.
  • Bug fixFixed badge centring and masthead stacking across browsers.
v239–v244
  • ManuscriptsAdded British Library Or. 2373 and completed full-line Alexandrinus HTR.
  • Bug fixStabilized Alexandrinus memory use and cleaned up stale corpus data.
v234–v238
  • ManuscriptsAdded Bodleian Huntington 227, Huntington 367 and Oppenheim 34 with full Kraken indexing.
  • New featurePublished the Alexandrinus full-line HTR checkpoint and kept commentary-only Oppenheim material out of the public viewer.
v204–v233
  • ManuscriptsAdded Manchester Hebrew MS 25 and 38; Gaster 2043, 673, 731, 2033, 2034, 322 and 323; the Berlin Babylonian-cantillation manuscript; and Codex Babylonicus.
  • New featureAdded synoptic filter presets and verse navigation, a manuscript page picker, automatic manuscript counts, availability in reference menus, and approximate Greek verse locations.
  • Bug fixCorrected Aleppo pagination and reconstruction evidence, Berlin Hebrew text and HTR, and Babylonicus multi-line highlights.
v163–v203
  • ManuscriptsAdded Kennicott witnesses 6 and 12–15, Gaster Samaritan Add 1 and trilingual MS 814, and Gaster Hebrew MS 86 and 694.
  • New featureAdded visual highlight correction and review, polygon-point deletion, searchable manuscript selection, computational manuscript details, linked feature analysis, and multi-passage indexing.
  • UI improvementShowed the active verse above results and clarified More info and image-hosting labels.
v147–v162
  • ManuscriptsAdded Kennicott witnesses 3, 9 and 11.
  • New featureAdded a synoptic highlight toggle, pinch-to-zoom scans, refined gesture zoom, and reviewed polygon location suggestions.
  • Bug fixFixed Rylands MS 2 and Sinaiticus highlights and compressed page controls.
v117–v146
  • ManuscriptsAdded Huntington 12, 396, 261 and 591; Bodley Or. 46, 62, 699, 23 and 621; Marshall Or. 3; Laud Or. 174; Rylands Samaritan MS 2 and 4; Canonici Or. 46 and 69; and Gaster Samaritan MS 1133.
  • New featureAdded all-manuscript comparisons, exact Hebrew word search with verse navigation, gap-aware page navigation, and coloured verse controls.
  • UI improvementCompleted Hebrew localization and defaulted first-time Israeli visitors to Hebrew.
v59–v116
  • ManuscriptsAdded and fully mapped Kennicott 1, 2, 4, 5, 6 and 8; Bodley Or. 803 and 804; and Bodley Or. 6.
  • New featureAdded the source-aware page-text drawer, feedback and review workflows, analytics, secure corpus delivery and release verification, linked image-rights information, and full-source releases.
  • UI improvementCompleted Hebrew interface copy, improved manuscript discovery and the picker, and made Read Text more prominent.
  • Bug fixRepaired numerous Kennicott and Sinaiticus highlight, layout and image-tile problems.
v42–v58
  • ManuscriptsAdded Lucianic Rahlfs 82, a fully indexed Samaritan witness, Bodleian Kennicott 3, and Kennicott 7 fragments.
  • New featureAdded grouped manuscript selection, direct image comparison, adaptive high-resolution zoom, shareable comparison links, Keter Aram Tsova typography, and Masoretic app icons.
  • Bug fixFixed Leningrad Genesis 24:1 and Kennicott 3 page mappings.
v1–v41
  • ManuscriptsLaunched with the Leningrad and Aleppo codices, added Sinaiticus and Alexandrinus, and then added Codex Sassoon.
  • New featureBuilt the core verse-to-page finder, HTR line locations, verse highlighting, scan loading, zoom, manuscript comparison, reference-specific page titles, and creator credit.
  • UI improvementSimplified the first result view and tightened the mobile layout and highlight controls.
  • Bug fixCorrected Alexandrinus column and verse boundaries and Aleppo and Sassoon reading-order highlights.
Select manuscriptSelect MS. · 207 total
CompareExod. 31:21 Sam. 1:5Num. 36:13Job 14:9Isa. 51:3Nah. 1:1Ps. 42:2Ps. 149:9Zeph. 3:14Zech. 1:1Song 7:1
Passage unavailable

Genesis 1:1 is not included in London, British Library, Add MS 21161.

This manuscript includes: Fragmentary Prophets and Writings in physical order: 1 Samuel 20:25–2 Samuel 24:25; Jeremiah; Kings; Ezekiel 1:1–part of 11:19; part of Isaiah 41:17–66:24; the Twelve; Ruth; Psalms; Job; Proverbs; Ecclesiastes; Song of Songs; Lamentations; Daniel; Esther 1:1–part of 9:16; part of Ezra 2:69–part of 8:24; part of Nehemiah 1:5–13:31; and 1 Chronicles 1:1–part of 19:6. The opening of Samuel, remainder of Ezekiel, opening of Isaiah, end of Esther, parts of Ezra–Nehemiah, and end of Chronicles are lost. Four translucent protective interleaves, the biblical writing erased or faded beyond legible indexing on fol. 134v, and blank fol. 190v remain in physical navigation without indexed biblical text.

Next available verse1 Samuel 20:25
About Masoretica

Sources & method.

Manuscript images and metadata come from the holding institutions and digitisation projects listed below. Text and versification data come from UXLC, MAM, BIMA / Corpus Masoreticum, the Codex Sinaiticus Project, the DT-UCPH Samaritan Pentateuch, lxx-morph, and STEPBible. The viewer identifies the source used for each manuscript.

Page mapping and text recognition combine repository indexes, OCR, and transcriptions with kraken, Party, BiblIA, and other specialised HTR models. OpenAI Codex is used in developing the site and in running and reviewing this workflow.

Full source, credit, and licence links appear below.

Sources and licences
UXLC Leningrad index Leningrad scan Leningrad photography credit Aleppo page index Aleppo facsimile Codex Sassoon 1053 page index Sassoon scan Sassoon catalogue Rylands Samaritan scan Rylands Samaritan MS 2 scan Rylands Samaritan MS 4 scan Gaster Samaritan MS 1133 scan Gaster Trilingual Samaritan MS 814 scan Gaster Samaritan MS Add 1 scan Gaster Samaritan MS 1858 scan Bodley Or. 699 Samaritan scan Bodley Or. 23 Isaiah scan Kennicott 1 scan Kennicott 2 scan Kennicott 3 scan Kennicott 4 scan Kennicott 5 scan Kennicott 6 scan Kennicott 7 scan Kennicott 8 scan kraken OCR and HTR toolkit Party multilingual HTR model used for Alexandrinus BiblIA medieval Hebrew model Samaritan kraken model Greek minuscule kraken model Sinaiticus line-segmentation model Miqra according to the Masorah text BIMA / Corpus Masoreticum manuscript transcriptions · CC BY-SA 4.0 Samaritan Pentateuch reference text Alexandrinus facsimile Rahlfs 82 catalogue Rahlfs 82 digitization Vaticanus facsimile Sinaiticus edition Sinaiticus electronic transcription Septuagint reference text Greek–Hebrew verse-number crosswalk Keter Aram Tsova typeface
For scholarly use

How to cite.

If Masoretica has facilitated your research, I would be grateful for a citation.

Preferred citation

Dershowitz, Idan. “Masoretica: Manuscript Explorer.” Accessed 16 August 2026. https://www.masoretica.org/.

For a specific manuscript page, use its Cite button for the complete Masoretica and holding-institution citations. Pages using BIMA also include a BIMA citation, license link, and description of changes.